Types of Space Frame Installation Methods

What Is a Space Frame?

A space frame is a lightweight structure made from many connected metal members. These members form a three-dimensional framework that covers large areas without the need for many columns. The connected parts share the load and transfer it through the whole structure.

This space frame design makes them strong, stable, and suitable for large-span buildings. Unlike regular steel structures, these frames work in more than one direction. Their members are basically arranged in a pattern of triangles or other geometric shapes. Now, when the load is applied to the frame, the force is transmitted through several connected members and doesn’t remain in just one part.

This helps them withstand heavy loads and other forces, such as wind and earthquakes. At the same time, these space frames use less material, such as steel, and fewer steel columns that can block the moment. This is what makes the theme easier to build and affordable for large projects. You can often find them in stadiums, airports, exhibition halls, shopping centers, and factories.

Main Types of Space Frame Installation Methods

Now you have basic know-how of space frames and how they work. Right? Next comes their installation. Remember, there is no single method that can fit every type of space frame. With the design and type of space frame, its installation also varies. Let’s discuss the main installation methods you need to know.

1- Ground Assembly and Lifting

Ground assembly and lifting are among the simplest ways to install a space frame. In this method, the space frame is not built high but is first assembled on the ground. First, the ground where these frames will be installed is prepared and made level. After that, they place the metal members on the ground and join them according to the design.

This is easier than working high above the ground because workers can reach each part easily. At this stage, they also check the joints and shape of the frame before lifting it. Once all parts are assembled, a lifting machine, such as a crane, is used to slowly lift the frame and move it to its final position. Once the frame is in place, workers connect it to the building’s supports.

2- Block or Sectional Assembly

Block or sectional assembly means building the space frame in smaller parts. It means workers don’t build the entire space frame at once but do this in sections. Each part is called a block or section. First, the large space frame is divided into smaller sections. Workers then assemble each section separately. These small sections are much easier to handle than larger ones.

Once a section is complete, workers check its size, shape, and connections before moving it to its place. After that, a crane lifts each section separately and places it in the right position. This section is now connected to the one that was installed before. This process continues until the entire space frame is formed. This method works especially well where space is limited, allowing the whole frame to be built on the ground.

3- Scaffolding or Temporary Support Installation

Another method is scaffolding, in which workers assemble the space frame in its final shape using temporary supports. These supports hold the frame while it is being assembled. These temporary supports include scaffolding and temporary towers. So, first, workers place the scaffolding under the area where the space frame will be installed. After that, they start connecting the space frame members.

The supports carry the weight of these partly built frames and keep them in place during the work. As more members are added, the space frame slowly takes its final shape. Throughout all this, the scaffolding provides the support. When the frame is complete and connected to its permanent supports, the temporary supports are removed carefully. This type of installation is best when lifting the entire space frame is difficult or when sections are very heavy.

4- Full-Span Lifting

Now it comes to full-span lifting, which is used when a large part of the space frame needs to be built on the ground first. It means that instead of assembling a small section, workers assemble the large section and even the whole space frame on the ground. At ground level, they can easily reach every part and make more secure connections.

Once everything is ready, cranes or other lifting equipment are attached to the planned lifting points. The section is then raised slowly until it reaches the required height. This method makes the building of frames quick. However, lifting such a large structure is not a small job. The frame can be very heavy, so the crane you use for such an installation must have enough lifting capacity.

5- Incremental Installation

Incremental means building a frame space little by little until the whole structure is complete. It means workers don’t make the entire space frame at once. They install one section, then add the next to it. The work continues in this way across the building. Here, workers start from a planned point.

After that, they slowly extend the frame by adding new members or sections. Each new part is connected to the part already in place. As a result, the frame gradually grows into its final shape. One interesting thing about this method is that it makes handling easier for workers, as small parts are easier to move. Also, when there is not enough space on the ground, it works best.

6- Cantilever Installation

Cantilever installation is another method when it is hard to put supports under the space frame. In this method, the space frame is built from one side and gradually extends toward the other. This means the new part of the space frame reaches the required height without needing any support.

Workers keep adding new parts to the end of the frame, so it grows outward. As the frame gets longer, workers make sure that it stays stable and does not move too much. The process continues until the frame reaches the other side and is connected to its permanent supports. The main benefit of this installation method is that it requires no supports. This is especially useful in spaces where the area below must remain open.

How to Choose the Right Space Frame Installation Method?

As you can see, there are several installation methods for space frames. Each method has different requirements. That’s why it can be tricky to choose the right method, especially for beginners. To make things easier, I will discuss the factors you must consider.

• Size & Weight of the Structure

The size and weight of the space frame are some of the first things to consider. Space frames come in different sizes and weights. For example, if there is a large space frame, you will need a crane to lift sections. But if it is light enough and the site allows it, you can assemble it on the ground and then lift it. 

• Available Space

Secondly, the amount of available space also affects the method selection. Some methods need a large area where workers lay out and assemble the frame before lifting it. If you have enough space, you can choose such an installation. But construction sites are not always spacious. In this case, you can build the space frame section by section.

• Building Height

The building’s height is another important factor. Installing a space frame high above the ground often makes the work more difficult. This increases the amount of work that needs to be done at height. So, choose the method that lets you complete assembly on the ground.

• Crane Capacity

You should also keep in mind the crane capacity you are using for installing space frames. It should safely lift the weight of the space frame or the sections. Also, it must have a capacity closer to the space frame’s weight. However, the weight of the space frame alone is not enough. The lifting distance, height, crane position, and working conditions also matter.

• Site Conditions

Lastly, every construction site is different. The ground can be soft or uneven, and the working area may be crowded. Weather also affects the work. For this reason, the installation method should match the actual site conditions. 

Conclusion

Space frames are the best steel structures for saving space in modern buildings. But installing these space frames involves several methods I have discussed in this guide. Those include ground assembly, sectional, temporary supports, full-span lifting, incremental installation, and more. All of these methods have their own pros and cons. That’s why there is no single installation method that is right for every project. A method that works well for a small or open site may not be suitable for a large structural area. That’s why you should consider the frame’s size and weight, the available space, the building height, and the crane.